Lapses at Psychiatric Solutions Inc., a major hospital chain with high earnings, have put patients at risk, regulators find. Some have even died.

Highlights from a MUCH longer article in the LA Times

Lapses at Psychiatric Solutions Inc., a major hospital chain with high earnings, have put patients at risk, regulators find. Some have even died.

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Since 2005, the 10 hospitals PSI has owned longest have compiled almost twice as many patient-care deficiencies as 10 similar hospitals owned by its closest competitor, Universal Health Services Inc.

The PSI hospitals were cited in three patient deaths and for placing patients in immediate jeopardy four times, the inspection records show. The UHS hospitals received no equivalent citations.

Among private psychiatric hospitals in California, Sierra Vista had the single highest rate of state and federal deficiencies -- about eight times the statewide average.

It has twice been fined $25,000 for endangering patients -- accounting for the only such penalties levied against psychiatric hospitals under a 2006 state law establishing the sanctions. PSI executives declined to be interviewed for this article and, citing privacy law, would not discuss individual patients.

In written responses, they rejected the analysis showing the company's hospitals compared poorly to others, saying: "Your assumptions, calculations and apparent conclusions are invalid."

A spokesman, John Van Mol, said that PSI arguably has improved psychiatric care in the country overall. He cited the comparatively poor performance of state psychiatric facilities around the country in recent years.

PSI officials apologized for incidents resulting in harm to patients, saying they acted immediately to correct any problems. "Any incident involving patient care is one too many in our view, and everyone involved from the hospital level to the corporate level works very hard to prevent them," they wrote.

Recent state and federal inspections show the company's efforts have fallen short:

* Poor patient supervision, understaffing and inadequate worker training have led to instances of chaos and brutality.

A 19-year-old alleged he was raped twice within 24 hours by a fellow patient at an Illinois hospital even after he reported the first assault, federal records show.

Staffers at a Texas facility had to barricade themselves in an office and call in a SWAT team to bring unruly residents under control.

In North Carolina, inspectors found, a 12-year-old boy with a history of sexual aggression was put in a room with a 5-year-old and attempted to force the younger boy to perform oral sex.

* Medical neglect and errors have resulted in grave harm. A nurse at another North Carolina facility gave a 7-year-old boy anti-seizure medication prescribed for an older patient, leaving him so drowsy that a doctor wrote in his chart that "he refuses to wake up."

Workers in Virginia waited almost an hour to call an ambulance for a 17-year-old girl who had suffered a seizure and was bleeding profusely, inspection records show. The girl died later that day.

* In several instances, PSI employees have sought to hide their failings from regulators. A hospital in Texas was cited by state inspectors for concealing key facts about a patient abduction and a suicide. Regulators in Virginia uncovered what they called an organized scheme to cover up violence, suicide attempts and medication errors at a Charlottesville facility for juveniles.

* Some of the PSI hospitals most under fire from authorities are those the chain has owned longest. The Justice Department has opened an investigation into alleged patient-care problems at one of PSI's first acquisitions, Riveredge Hospital near Chicago, issuing subpoenas for records earlier this year.

Nationwide since 2006, health officials have pulled children out of one PSI facility and have moved five times to revoke the state licenses of others. They have withheld or ordered the company to repay more than $2 million in government funding for providing substandard care.

In addition to thousands of pages of inspection reports by individual states and the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, ProPublica's investigation was based on hospital and court records and interviews with about two dozen former employees.

PSI executives say they are filling a desperate need in a tough business.

"Everyone at Psychiatric Solutions works hard every day to achieve excellence in patient care, often under extremely difficult circumstances to serve a patient population that includes extremely acute and complex diagnoses," Chief Executive Joey Jacobs said in a written statement.

Chad Thompson, who worked in the admissions office at Sierra Vista when PSI took over, has a different view. He felt the chain put intense pressure on him to keep every bed full, with less emphasis on assuring that each patient got high-quality care.

"It's a pattern of behavior driven totally by the almighty dollar," said Thompson, now the director of a nonprofit that provides therapy to the uninsured and chairman of Sacramento County's Mental Health Board, which advises the county Board of Supervisors.

"It's not a client-centered approach. It's a money-centered approach."